North, Central, and Eastern India to witness significantly more heatwave days, prompting concerns over water shortages, crop damage, and a projected 270 GW peak power demand.
March 31, 2025: India is bracing for a hotter-than-usual summer, with the India Meteorological Department (IMD) warning of a significant rise in heatwave days across the country from April to June. The soaring temperatures could also push peak electricity demand to record levels, intensifying the strain on power grids and coal reserves.
IMD Director General Mrutyunjay Mohapatra stated on Monday that central, eastern, and northwestern India will be the most affected, likely experiencing two to four more heatwave days than normal. Some regions may even witness twice the usual number of heatwave days, which typically ranges between 4 to 7 during these months.
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States Likely to Be Worst Hit
Regions expected to experience above-normal temperatures and extended heatwaves include:
- Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab
- Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra
- Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal
- Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, North Karnataka, and Northern Tamil Nadu
In contrast, parts of western and extreme southern India may see relatively normal temperatures.
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Power Grid Under Pressure
The summer heat is expected to fuel a 9–10% spike in peak electricity demand, according to experts. India’s peak demand could soar to 270 GW, up from 250 GW recorded in May 2023 — which had already surpassed projections by 6.3%.
To prepare for the potential overload:
- Coal stockpiles have been increased by 16% year-on-year.
- Power plants have been instructed to avoid maintenance shutdowns.
- Distribution networks are being monitored for smooth coal delivery.
Increased use of air conditioning and diesel generators is anticipated, especially in areas that may face intermittent blackouts.
Impact on Agriculture and Economy
The unusually warm March has already raised alarms over possible damage to wheat crops in the final stages of harvest. A potential decline in output may prompt the government to review or lower the 40% import duty on wheat, Bloomberg reports.
India has restricted wheat exports since 2022 to manage inflation and ensure food security after the hottest March in over 100 years impacted production.
What Lies Ahead
With both daytime and nighttime temperatures expected to remain above normal across most regions, the risk of heat-related illnesses, power outages, and water shortages is high. The rising heat is not just a health crisis, but a challenge for India’s infrastructure, agriculture, and energy ecosystem.
Government agencies are on high alert, and citizens are advised to stay informed, hydrate regularly, and avoid outdoor exposure during peak hours.
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