July 13, 2025: France has reached a landmark agreement with New Caledonia, setting the stage for the Pacific archipelago to become a distinct “State of New Caledonia” while remaining within the French Republic. The accord, unveiled on Saturday, aims to resolve longstanding tensions between pro-independence Kanak communities and loyalists who favor continued ties with France.
French President Emmanuel Macron announced the breakthrough on X, calling it “a bet on trust” and a “historic” step forward. The agreement was finalized after 10 days of high-stakes negotiations near Paris, involving New Caledonian officials, civil society leaders, and economic stakeholders.
The deal proposes that New Caledonia gain increased autonomy while maintaining its connection to France. Manuel Valls, France’s overseas territories minister, described it as an “intelligent compromise” that balances sovereignty and unity. The territory, home to about 270,000 people, has been under French rule since the 19th century.
Political unrest erupted in May 2024 after France sought to extend voting rights to non-indigenous long-term residents, sparking fears among indigenous Kanaks of being permanently outnumbered. The new agreement addresses those concerns by mandating a 10-year residency requirement for future voters.
The accord envisions a New Caledonian nationality that can be held alongside French citizenship, and would be formally enshrined in the French constitution. It also leaves open the possibility for international recognition of New Caledonia’s unique status.
An economic and financial recovery plan is included in the pact, with a focus on reviving the island’s nickel industry, which was hit hard by last year’s violence that left 14 dead and caused economic losses of nearly €2 billion.
The French parliament is expected to vote on the deal in late 2025, with a referendum in New Caledonia scheduled for 2026.