Autophagy Explained: Can a 20-Hour Fast Really Boost Health? Here’s What Experts Say

Autophagy, often described as the body’s natural “cellular recycling” system, has become a popular topic in health and wellness discussions, especially after actor and cancer survivor Sonali Bendre shared that intermittent fasting became part of her lifestyle following her cancer treatment. However, medical experts caution against viewing autophagy as a proven treatment for serious illnesses such as cancer.

The term “autophagy” comes from the Greek words meaning “self-eating.” It refers to the body’s natural process of breaking down and recycling damaged proteins, worn-out cell parts, and other cellular waste. This mechanism helps maintain healthy cells and supports normal body functions.

According to experts, autophagy occurs continuously at low levels but can increase during periods of nutrient deprivation, such as prolonged fasting, calorie restriction, intensive exercise, or ketogenic diets. During this process, damaged cell components are enclosed within structures called autophagosomes, which then fuse with lysosomes to break down the waste into reusable building blocks for the body.

The topic gained attention after Sonali Bendre revealed that she follows an 18-20 hour intermittent fasting routine, saying she was introduced to the concept of autophagy during her cancer journey. She has maintained that she was sharing her personal experience rather than offering medical advice.

Her comments, however, drew criticism from hepatologist Dr. Cyriac Abby Philips, popularly known as The Liver Doc. He argued that there is no strong clinical evidence proving that fasting-induced autophagy can treat or prevent cancer. According to him, Bendre’s recovery resulted from evidence-based medical treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, rather than alternative approaches.

Medical experts explain that autophagy plays different roles depending on the stage of disease. In healthy individuals, it helps remove damaged cells and may reduce inflammation while supporting metabolic health. However, in established cancers, tumour cells may exploit the same process to survive stressful conditions, including chemotherapy. In some cancer treatments, doctors even aim to suppress autophagy instead of promoting it.

While intermittent fasting may offer benefits such as improved metabolic health and better insulin sensitivity for some individuals, researchers emphasise that autophagy should not be considered a standalone therapy for cancer or other chronic diseases. Experts advise that lifestyle practices should complement, not replace, scientifically proven medical treatments, and individuals should consult healthcare professionals before making significant dietary or fasting changes.