A cardiology expert has highlighted a simple but crucial action that can significantly improve survival chances during a heart attack: taking aspirin early, in the right dose, while waiting for emergency medical help.
Heart attacks, medically known as myocardial infarction, occur when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart muscle. This blockage can cause severe damage if not treated quickly. According to Dr Divya Marina Fernandes, Consultant, Heart Failure Specialist & Interventional Cardiologist at Aster RV Hospital, Bengaluru, aspirin plays an important emergency role by helping reduce clot formation.
How aspirin helps during a heart attack
Aspirin works as an antiplatelet medicine. Platelets are small blood cells that clump together to form clots. During a heart attack, these clots can worsen the blockage in the coronary arteries. Aspirin helps by preventing platelets from sticking together, which can improve blood flow and reduce further damage to the heart.
Medical guidelines generally recommend a higher emergency dose of around 150–325 mg during suspected heart attacks. Experts often advise chewing the tablet, as this allows the medicine to enter the bloodstream faster and work more quickly.
Timing is critical
Doctors stress that aspirin is most effective when taken as early as possible, ideally at the first signs of symptoms such as chest pain, breathlessness, sweating, nausea, or pain spreading to the arm or jaw.
However, aspirin should not delay emergency medical care. Calling emergency services and reaching a hospital remains the top priority.
Who should avoid aspirin
While aspirin can be life-saving, it is not suitable for everyone. Individuals with aspirin allergies, active bleeding disorders, recent major bleeding, or severe stomach ulcers should avoid taking it unless specifically advised by a doctor.
Long-term use after a heart attack
After recovery, doctors often prescribe low-dose aspirin to reduce the risk of future heart attacks and strokes. The dosage and duration depend on individual health conditions and medical history.
Experts emphasise that while aspirin is widely available and inexpensive, it should only be used in emergency situations following correct guidance and should never replace professional medical treatment.